Yaya farashin zinc?

Farashin kasa da kasa na albarkatun zinc yana tasiri kai tsaye ta hanyar samarwa da alaƙar buƙata da yanayin tattalin arziki.Rarraba albarkatun zinc a duniya ya fi mayar da hankali ne a kasashe irin su Ostiraliya da China, tare da manyan kasashe masu samar da kayayyaki sune China, Peru, da Ostiraliya.Ana amfani da sinadarin Zinc a yankin Asiya Pasifik da Turai da Amurka.Jianeng ita ce mafi girma a duniya da ke kera kuma mai ciniki da karfen zinc, tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan farashin zinc.Ma'adinin zinc na kasar Sin yana da matsayi na biyu a duniya, amma darajar ba ta da yawa.Samuwarta da amfaninsa duka sune matsayi na farko a duniya, kuma dogaro da waje yana da yawa.

Ɗayan shine LME shine kawai musanya na gaba na zinc na duniya, yana mamaye matsayi mafi girma a cikin kasuwar makomar zinc.

An kafa LME a cikin 1876 kuma ya fara gudanar da kasuwancin zinc na yau da kullun a farkon sa.A cikin 1920, an fara kasuwancin zinc a hukumance.Tun daga shekarun 1980, LME ya kasance madaidaicin kasuwar zinc ta duniya, kuma farashinsa na hukuma yana nuna canje-canjen samar da zinc da buƙatun a duk duniya, wanda ya shahara a duniya.Ana iya shinge waɗannan farashin ta hanyoyi daban-daban da kwangilar zaɓi a cikin LME.Ayyukan kasuwa na zinc yana matsayi na uku a LME, na biyu kawai ga makomar jan karfe da aluminum.

Na biyu, New York Mercantile Exchange (COMEX) ya buɗe kasuwancin gaba na zinc a takaice, amma bai yi nasara ba.

COMEX ya yi amfani da makomar zinc a taƙaice daga 1978 zuwa 1984, amma gabaɗaya bai yi nasara ba.A wancan lokacin, masu samar da Zinc na Amurka suna da ƙarfi sosai a farashin zinc, ta yadda COMEX ba ta da isasshen adadin kasuwancin zinc don samar da kuɗin kwangila, wanda hakan ya sa zinc ɗin ba zai yuwu ba don daidaita farashin tsakanin LME da COMEX kamar hada-hadar tagulla da azurfa.A zamanin yau, kasuwancin ƙarfe na COMEX ya fi mayar da hankali kan gaba da kwangilar zaɓi na zinariya, azurfa, tagulla, da aluminum.

Na uku shi ne cewa, kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Shanghai ta kaddamar da shirin nan gaba na Zinc na Shanghai a hukumance a shekarar 2007, tare da shiga cikin tsarin farashin zinc na gaba na duniya.

An yi ɗan gajeren ciniki na zinc a cikin tarihin kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Shanghai.Tun farkon shekarun 1990, zinc ya kasance matsakaici zuwa nau'in ciniki na dogon lokaci tare da ƙananan karafa irin su jan karfe, aluminum, gubar, tin, da nickel.Koyaya, sikelin kasuwancin zinc yana raguwa kowace shekara, kuma a shekara ta 1997, cinikin zinc ya daina gaske.A cikin 1998, yayin daidaita tsarin kasuwa na gaba, nau'ikan kasuwancin ƙarfe da ba na ƙarfe ba sun riƙe jan ƙarfe da aluminum kawai, kuma an soke zinc da sauran nau'ikan.Yayin da farashin zinc ya ci gaba da hauhawa a shekara ta 2006, ana yawan kiraye-kirayen neman makomar zinc ta dawo kasuwa.A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2007, kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Shanghai a hukumance ta jera makomar zinc a hukumance, wanda ke isar da sauye-sauye a fannin wadata da bukatu a kasuwar Sinanci ga kasuwannin kasa da kasa, da shiga cikin tsarin farashin zinc na duniya.

Hanyar farashi ta asali don tabo zinc a kasuwannin duniya shine a yi amfani da farashin kwangilar zinc na gaba a matsayin farashin ma'auni, da ƙara madaidaicin alamar azaman tabo.Halin farashin tabo na zinc na kasa da kasa da farashin LME na gaba yana da daidaituwa sosai, saboda farashin LME zinc yana aiki azaman ma'aunin farashi na dogon lokaci ga masu siye da masu siyar da zinc karfe, kuma matsakaicin farashinsa na kowane wata yana zama tushen farashi don cinikin tabo na zinc. .

Ɗaya shine hawan hawan sama da ƙasa na farashin zinc daga 1960 zuwa 1978;Na biyu shine lokacin oscillation daga 1979 zuwa 2000;Na uku shine saurin hawan sama da ƙasa daga 2001 zuwa 2009;Na huɗu shine lokacin canji daga 2010 zuwa 2020;Na biyar shi ne saurin hawan sama tun daga shekarar 2020. Tun daga shekarar 2020, saboda tasirin farashin makamashin Turai, karfin samar da sinadarin zinc ya ragu, kuma saurin karuwar bukatar zinc ya haifar da koma baya a farashin zinc, wanda ke ci gaba da hauhawa da wuce gona da iri. $3500 a kowace ton.

A cikin 2022, sabon rahoto daga Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin ƙasa ta Amurka (USGS) ya nuna cewa albarkatun zinc da aka tabbatar a duniya sun kai ton biliyan 1.9, kuma adadin ma'adinan da aka tabbatar a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 210 na ƙarfe.Ostiraliya tana da mafi yawan ma'adinan tutiya, a tan miliyan 66, wanda ya kai kashi 31.4% na jimlar ajiyar duniya.Ma'adinan ma'adinan zinc na kasar Sin ya kasance na biyu kawai bayan Australia, mai tan miliyan 31, wanda ya kai kashi 14.8% na jimillar duniya.Sauran kasashen da ke da ma'adinin ma'adanin zinc sun hada da Rasha (10.5%), Peru (8.1%), Mexico (5.7%), Indiya (4.6%), da sauran kasashe, yayin da jimillar ma'adinin zinc na sauran kasashe ya kai kashi 25% na jimlar ajiyar duniya.

Da fari dai, samar da zinc a tarihi ya ci gaba da karuwa, tare da raguwa kaɗan a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.Ana sa ran cewa a hankali abubuwan da ake samarwa za su farfaɗo a nan gaba.

Samar da sinadarin zinc a duniya yana ci gaba da karuwa sama da shekaru 100, inda ya kai kololuwarsa a shekarar 2012 tare da samar da tan miliyan 13.5 na karfe na sinadarin zinc a shekara.A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an sami ɗan raguwar raguwa, har zuwa 2019, lokacin da haɓaka ya dawo.Koyaya, barkewar COVID-19 a cikin 2020 ya sake haifar da haɓakar ma'adinan zinc a duniya, tare da raguwar fitarwa na shekara-shekara da tan 700000, 5.51% kowace shekara, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin samar da zinc a duniya da ci gaba da hauhawar farashin.Tare da sauƙaƙawar cutar, samar da zinc a hankali ya koma matakin tan miliyan 13.Bincike ya nuna cewa, tare da farfado da tattalin arzikin duniya da inganta bukatuwar kasuwa, samar da sinadarin zinc zai ci gaba da bunkasa nan gaba.

Na biyu kuma shi ne kasashen da suka fi samar da sinadarin zinc a duniya su ne China, Peru, da Australia.

Bisa kididdigar da hukumar binciken yanayin kasa ta Amurka (USGS) ta fitar, an ce, samar da ma'adinin zinc a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 13 a shekarar 2022, inda kasar Sin ta fi yawan samar da tan miliyan 4.2 na karafa, wanda ya kai kashi 32.3% na adadin da ake nomawa a duniya.Sauran ƙasashen da ke samar da ma'adinin zinc mai yawa sun haɗa da Peru (10.8%), Australia (10.0%), Indiya (6.4%), Amurka (5.9%), Mexico (5.7%), da sauran ƙasashe.Jimillar samar da ma'adinan zinc a wasu ƙasashe ya kai kashi 28.9% na jimilar duniya.

Na uku, manyan masu samar da zinc a duniya guda biyar sun kai kusan 1/4 na abubuwan da ake samarwa a duniya, kuma dabarun samar da su na da wani tasiri kan farashin zinc.

A cikin 2021, jimillar samar da manyan masu samar da zinc a duk shekara ya kai tan miliyan 3.14, wanda ya kai kusan 1/4 na samar da zinc a duniya.Darajar samar da zinc ya wuce dalar Amurka biliyan 9.4, wanda Glencore PLC ya samar da kusan tan miliyan 1.16 na zinc, Hindustan Zinc Ltd ya samar da kusan tan 790000 na zinc, Teck Resources Ltd ya samar da tan 610000 na zinc, Zijin Mining ya samar da kusan tan 310000 na zinc, kuma Boliden AB ya samar da kusan tan 270000 na zinc.Manyan masu samar da zinc gabaɗaya suna yin tasiri akan farashin zinc ta hanyar dabarun "rage yawan samarwa da kiyaye farashi", wanda ya haɗa da rufe ma'adinai da sarrafa abubuwan da ake samarwa don cimma burin rage samarwa da kiyaye farashin zinc.A cikin Oktoba 2015, Glencore ya ba da sanarwar rage yawan samar da zinc, daidai da 4% na abubuwan da ake samarwa a duniya, kuma farashin zinc ya karu da sama da 7% a rana guda.

Da fari dai, amfani da zinc na duniya ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yankin Asiya Pacific da Turai da Amurka.

A cikin 2021, yawan amfani da zinc mai tsafta a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 14.0954, tare da amfani da zinc ya tattara a cikin yankin Asiya Pacific da Turai da Amurka, yayin da China ke da mafi girman kaso na amfani da zinc, wanda ya kai kashi 48%.Amurka da Indiya sun kasance a matsayi na biyu da na uku, wanda ya kai kashi 6% da 5% bi da bi.Sauran manyan ƙasashe masu amfani sun haɗa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Koriya ta Kudu, Japan, Belgium, da Jamus.

Na biyu shine tsarin amfani da zinc ya kasu kashi na farko da kuma amfani da tasha.Yawan amfani da farko shine saka zinc, yayin da amfani da tasha ya fi abubuwan more rayuwa.Canje-canje a cikin buƙata a ƙarshen mabukaci zai shafi farashin zinc.

Za'a iya raba tsarin amfani da zinc zuwa amfani da farko da amfani na ƙarshe.Amfanin farko na zinc ya fi mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikacen galvanized, wanda ya kai 64%.Ƙarshen amfani da zinc yana nufin sake sarrafawa da aikace-aikacen samfuran farko na zinc a cikin sarkar masana'antu na ƙasa.A cikin iyakar amfani da zinc, abubuwan more rayuwa da sassan gine-gine suna da mafi girman rabo, a 33% da 23% bi da bi.Za a watsa aikin mabukaci na zinc daga filin amfani da tashar zuwa filin amfani da farko kuma yana shafar wadata da buƙatar zinc da farashinsa.Misali, lokacin da ayyukan manyan masana'antun masu amfani da zinc kamar su gidaje da motoci suka yi rauni, yawan odar da ake amfani da su na farko kamar su zinc plating da zinc alloys zai ragu, wanda hakan zai haifar da samar da zinc ya wuce abin da ake bukata, wanda a karshe ya haifar da raguwar farashin zinc.

A matsayinsa na babban mai siyar da zinc a duniya, Glencore yana sarrafa zagayawa da ingantaccen zinc a kasuwa tare da fa'idodi guda uku.Da fari dai, da ikon tsara kayayyaki cikin sauri da inganci kai tsaye zuwa kasuwar zinc ta ƙasa;Na biyu shine ƙarfin ƙarfi na ware albarkatun zinc;Na uku shine kyakkyawar fahimta game da kasuwar zinc.A matsayinsa na mai samar da zinc mafi girma a duniya, Glencore ya samar da tan 940000 na zinc a cikin 2022, tare da kasuwar duniya na 7.2%;Girman cinikin zinc yana da tan miliyan 2.4, tare da kaso na kasuwar duniya na 18.4%.Yawan samarwa da cinikin zinc duka sune kan gaba a duniya.Glencore na duniya mai lamba ɗaya na samar da kansa shine ginshiƙin babban tasirinsa akan farashin zinc, kuma adadin ciniki na ɗaya yana ƙara haɓaka wannan tasirin.

Da fari dai, kasuwar hada-hadar zinc ta Shanghai ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa tsarin farashin zinc na cikin gida, amma tasirinta kan haƙƙin farashin zinc bai kai na LME ba.

Makomar zinc da kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Shanghai ta bullo da ita ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen nuna gaskiya wajen samar da kayayyaki da bukatu, hanyoyin farashi, ba da shawarwarin farashin kayayyaki, da hanyoyin watsa farashin gida da waje na kasuwar zinc ta cikin gida.A karkashin tsarin hadadden tsarin kasuwa na kasuwar zinc ta kasar Sin, kasuwar hada-hadar zinc ta Shanghai ta taimaka wajen kafa tsarin budaddiyar gibi, mai gaskiya, da gaskiya, kuma mai cikakken iko.Kasuwar zinc ta nan gaba ta riga ta mallaki wani ma'auni da tasiri, kuma tare da haɓaka hanyoyin kasuwa da haɓaka ma'aunin ciniki, matsayinta a kasuwannin duniya shima yana ƙaruwa.A cikin 2022, girman ciniki na gaba na zinc na Shanghai ya kasance karko kuma ya ɗan ƙaru.Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Shanghai, ya zuwa karshen watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2022, yawan cinikin Sinanci na gaba na Shanghai Zinc a shekarar 2022 ya kasance ma'amaloli 63906157, wanda ya karu da kashi 0.64% a duk shekara, tare da matsakaicin adadin ciniki na wata-wata na 5809650 ma'amaloli. ;A shekarar 2022, adadin cinikin cinikin Zinc na Shanghai ya kai yuan biliyan 7932.1, wanda ya karu da kashi 11.1% a duk shekara, inda aka samu matsakaicin adadin cinikin da ya kai yuan biliyan 4836.7 a kowane wata.Koyaya, ikon farashin zinc na duniya har yanzu yana ƙarƙashin ikon LME, kuma kasuwar makomar zinc ta cikin gida ta kasance kasuwar yanki a cikin matsayi na ƙasa.

Na biyu, farashin tabo na zinc a China ya samo asali ne daga ƙididdiga masu ƙira zuwa ƙimar dandamali ta kan layi, galibi dangane da farashin LME.

Kafin shekara ta 2000, babu wani dandamali na farashin kasuwar zinc a kasar Sin, kuma farashin kasuwar tabo an samo asali ne bisa la'akari da abin da masana'anta suka yi.Misali, a kogin Pearl Delta, Zhongjin Lingnan ne ya kayyade farashin, yayin da a kogin Yangtze, Zhuzhou Smelter da Huludao suka tsara farashin.Rashin isassun tsarin farashin ya yi tasiri sosai kan ayyukan yau da kullun na kamfanoni na sama da na ƙasa a cikin sarkar masana'antar zinc.A shekara ta 2000, Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Network (SMM) ta kafa cibiyar sadarwar ta, kuma zance na dandalinta ya zama abin tunani ga kamfanoni da yawa na cikin gida don farashin tabo zinc.A halin yanzu, manyan jigogi a cikin kasuwannin tabo na cikin gida sun haɗa da na'urorin sadarwar Nan Chu Business Network da Shanghai Metal Network, amma fa'idodin daga dandamali na kan layi suna magana ne akan farashin LME.

Da fari dai, jimillar albarkatun zinc a kasar Sin ita ce matsayi na biyu a duniya, amma matsakaicin ingancin ba shi da yawa kuma hakar albarkatun yana da wahala.

Kasar Sin tana da dimbin albarkatun tama na zinc, wanda ke matsayi na biyu a duniya bayan Australia.Albarkatun ma'adanin zinc na cikin gida sun fi maida hankali ne a yankuna kamar Yunnan (24%), Mongoliya ta ciki (20%), Gansu (11%), da Xinjiang (8%).Duk da haka, darajar ma'adinan zinc a kasar Sin gabaɗaya ba ta da yawa, tare da ƙananan ma'adinan da yawa da ƙananan ma'adanai kaɗan, da ma'adinan da yawa masu laushi da wadata.Hakar albarkatun yana da wahala kuma farashin sufuri yana da yawa.

Na biyu, samar da ma'adinin zinc na kasar Sin ya zama na farko a duniya, kuma tasirin manyan masu samar da zinc a cikin gida yana karuwa.

Samar da sinadarin Zinc na kasar Sin ya kasance mafi girma a duniya tsawon shekaru a jere.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar su masana'antu, sama da na kasa, da hada-hadar saye da sayarwa, da hada-hadar kadarori, sannu a hankali kasar Sin ta kafa rukunin kamfanonin zinc da ke da tasiri a duniya, inda kamfanoni uku suka zama a cikin kasashe goma na duniya masu samar da sinadarin zinc.Zijin hakar ma'adinan ita ce mafi girman masana'antar samar da sinadarin zinc a kasar Sin, tare da ma'aunin samar da tama a cikin manyan kasashe biyar a duniya.A cikin 2022, samar da zinc ya kasance ton 402000, wanda ya kai kashi 9.6% na yawan samar da gida.Albarkatun Minmetals suna matsayi na shida a duniya, tare da samar da zinc na ton 225000 a cikin 2022, wanda ya kai kashi 5.3% na yawan abin da ake samarwa a cikin gida.Zhongjin Lingnan yana matsayi na tara a duniya, inda aka samar da sinadarin zinc da ya kai tan 193000 a shekarar 2022, wanda ya kai kashi 4.6% na yawan abin da ake samarwa a cikin gida.Sauran manyan masana'antun zinc sun hada da Chihong Zinc Germanium, Zinc Industry Co., Ltd., Baiyin Nonferrous Metals, da dai sauransu.

Na uku, kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ta fi kowacce yawan amfani da sinadarin Zinc, inda ake amfani da ita a fannin samar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na gidaje.

A shekarar 2021, yawan sinadarin Zinc na kasar Sin ya kai tan miliyan 6.76, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kasar da ta fi kowacce yawan amfani da zinc a duniya.Zinc plating shine mafi girman kaso mafi girma na amfani da zinc a China, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 60% na amfani da zinc;Na gaba akwai simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare na zinc da zinc oxide, wanda ke lissafin kashi 15% da 12% bi da bi.Babban wuraren aikace-aikacen galvanizing sune abubuwan more rayuwa da ƙasa.Saboda cikakkiyar fa'idar da kasar Sin ke da shi wajen amfani da sinadarin Zinc, wadatar ababen more rayuwa da sassan gidaje za su yi tasiri sosai kan wadatar kayayyaki, bukatu, da farashin zinc a duniya.

Dogaro da kasar Sin daga waje kan zinc yana da tsayin daka kuma yana nuna ci gaba a zahiri, tare da manyan hanyoyin shigo da su Australia da Peru.Tun daga shekarar 2016, yawan sinadarin zinc da ake shigo da shi daga kasar Sin yana karuwa a kowace shekara, kuma a halin yanzu ya zama babbar mai shigo da tama a duniya.A cikin 2020, dogaro da shigo da sinadarin zinc ya wuce 40%.Ta fuskar kasa da kasa, kasar da ta fi fitar da sinadarin Zinc zuwa kasar Sin a shekarar 2021, ita ce kasar Ostireliya, mai tan miliyan 1.07 a duk shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 29.5% na jimillar sinadarin zinc da kasar Sin ke shigo da ita;Na biyu, Peru tana fitar da tan 780000 na zahiri zuwa kasar Sin, wanda ya kai kashi 21.6% na jimillar shigar da sinadarin zinc a kasar Sin.Dogaro da yawa kan shigo da ma'adanin Zinc da kuma kusancin yankunan da ake shigowa da su daga waje yana nufin cewa kwanciyar hankalin da ake samu ta hanyar samar da zinc na iya yin tasiri ta hanyar samarwa da kuma ƙarshen sufuri, wanda kuma yana daya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa kasar Sin ta yi kasa a gwiwa wajen cinikayyar zinc da kasa da kasa. na iya yarda da farashin kasuwannin duniya kawai.

An fara buga wannan labarin ne a bugu na farko na Daily Mining Daily na kasar Sin a ranar 15 ga Mayu