Babban bambanci tsakanin graphite da gubar shine graphite ba mai guba bane kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai, yayin da gubar mai guba ce kuma mara ƙarfi.
Menene Graphite?
Graphite allotrope ne na carbon yana da barga, tsarin crystalline.Wani nau'i ne na gawayi.Bugu da ƙari kuma, ma'adinai ne na asali.Ma'adanai na asali abubuwa ne da ke ɗauke da sinadari guda ɗaya wanda ke faruwa a yanayi ba tare da haɗawa da wani abu ba.Haka kuma, graphite shine mafi tsayayyen nau'in carbon wanda ke faruwa a daidaitaccen zafin jiki da matsa lamba.Naúrar mai maimaitawa na graphite allotrope shine carbon (C).Graphite yana da tsarin crystal hexagonal.Yana bayyana a cikin launin baƙin ƙarfe-baƙi zuwa launin toka-karfe kuma yana da ƙyalli na ƙarfe.Launin ɗigon graphite baƙar fata ne (launi na ma'adinai mai laushi).
Tsarin lu'ulu'u na graphite yana da lattice saƙar zuma.Yana da zanen zanen graphene da aka rabu a nisan 0.335 nm.A cikin wannan tsarin na graphite, nisa tsakanin carbon atom shine 0.142 nm.Wadannan kwayoyin zarra na carbon suna daure ga junansu ta hanyar hada-hadar hada-hada, kwayar zarra guda daya da ke da alaka guda uku a kusa da shi.Valency na carbon atom shine 4;don haka, akwai electron na huɗu da ba a ciki a cikin kowane atom ɗin carbon na wannan tsarin.Saboda haka, wannan lantarki yana da 'yanci don yin ƙaura, yana yin graphite ta hanyar lantarki.Zane-zane na halitta yana da amfani a cikin refractories, batura, ƙera ƙarfe, faɗaɗa graphite, rufin birki, fuskokin ganowa, da man shafawa.
Menene gubar?
Lead wani sinadari ne mai lamba atomic lamba 82 da alamar sinadarai Pb.Yana faruwa azaman sinadari na ƙarfe.Wannan ƙarfe ƙarfe ne mai nauyi kuma yana da yawa fiye da yawancin kayan yau da kullun da muka sani.Bugu da ƙari kuma, gubar na iya faruwa a matsayin ƙarfe mai laushi kuma mai lalacewa mai ƙarancin narkewa.Za mu iya yanke wannan ƙarfe cikin sauƙi, kuma yana da alamar shuɗi mai siffa tare da siffa mai launin toka na silvery.Mafi mahimmanci, wannan ƙarfe yana da mafi girman lambar atomic na kowane tsayayyen kashi.
A lokacin da la'akari da girma Properties na gubar, yana da wani babban yawa, malleability, ductility, da kuma high jure lalata saboda passivation.Lead yana da tsari mai siffar cubic mai kusa-ƙusa da kuma babban nauyin atom, wanda ke haifar da yawa wanda ya fi girma fiye da yawancin karafa na yau da kullun kamar baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, da zinc.Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin karafa, gubar tana da ƙarancin narkewa, kuma wurin tafasa shi kuma shine mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin rukuni 14.
Gubar tana ƙoƙarin samar da wani Layer na kariya lokacin da aka fallasa iska.Mafi yawan abin da ke cikin wannan Layer shine gubar (II) carbonate.Hakanan ana iya samun sulfate da abubuwan chloride na gubar.Wannan Layer yana sa saman ƙarfen gubar yadda ya kamata ya zama mara ƙarfi zuwa iska.Bugu da ƙari, iskar fluorine na iya amsawa tare da gubar a zafin jiki don samar da gubar (II) fluoride.Akwai irin wannan amsa tare da iskar chlorine kuma, amma yana buƙatar dumama.Baya ga haka, karfen gubar yana jure wa sulfuric acid da phosphoric acid amma yana amsawa da HCl da HNO3 acid.Organic acid kamar acetic acid na iya narkar da gubar a gaban iskar oxygen.Hakazalika, abubuwan da aka tattara na alkali zasu iya narkar da gubar don samar da plumbites.
Tun lokacin da aka haramta gubar a Amurka a cikin 1978 a matsayin sinadari a cikin fenti saboda tasirin guba, ba a yi amfani da shi don samar da fensir ba.Koyaya, shine babban abin da ake amfani dashi don kera fensir kafin wannan lokacin.An gane gubar a matsayin abu mai guba ga mutane.Don haka, mutane sun nemi kayan da za su maye gurbin gubar da wani abu don kera fensir.
Menene Bambanci Tsakanin Graphite da Lead?
Graphite da gubar abubuwa ne masu mahimmancin sinadarai saboda amfaninsu da aikace-aikace.Babban bambanci tsakanin graphite da gubar shine graphite ba mai guba bane kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai, yayin da gubar mai guba ce kuma mara ƙarfi.
Gubar karfe ce mai ingantacciyar ƙarfi bayan canzawa.Za mu iya misalta ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfe na gubar ta amfani da yanayin amphoteric.Misali gubar da gubar oxides suna amsawa tare da acid da tushe kuma suna haifar da haɗin gwiwa.Haɗin gubar sau da yawa suna da +2 yanayin oxidation na gubar maimakon yanayin oxidation na +4 (+4 shine mafi yawan oxidation ga abubuwan sinadarai na rukuni 14).
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2022
