Matsayin da Tsarin Sodium Sulphide ke da shi a cikin Tasowar Zinc da Lead Oxidized

Ma'adanai masu sinadarin zinc na gubar (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, da sauransu) suna da saman hydrophilic kuma ba za a iya shawagi da su kai tsaye tare da masu tattara xanthate ba. Ƙara sodium sulphide sulphide yana ƙara ma'adinan, yana ba da damar shaye xanthates daga baya. Bayan sulphidization da kunnawa, sodium sulphide kuma yana ba da zaɓi na ragewa, daidaita pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara, da ayyukan cire reagents, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama muhimmin reagent a cikin sarrafa sinadarin zinc na gubar.

I. Sulphidization da kunnawa

1. Tsarin amsawa
   Sodium sulphide yana hydrolyzes a cikin ruwa don samar da ions na S²⁻ da HS⁻, waɗanda ke amsawa da ions na ƙarfe a saman saman ma'adanai na zinc na gubar mai oxidized ta hanyar narkewar ruwa, suna samar da fim ɗin sulphide mai kama da hydrophobic:

Cerussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (misalin martani; mai riƙe wurin hoto)

Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (misalin martani; mai riƙe wurin hoto)

Fim ɗin PbS da aka samar yana da kauri kuma mai karko, yana shanye xanthate sosai kuma yana samar da gubar da aka yi da oxidized tare da floatable irin na sulphide. Fim ɗin ZnS yana da santsi kuma yana iya yin oxidation da departure; sodium sulphide kaɗai bai isa ba don iyo oxidized zinc, wanda ke buƙatar kunnawa na biyu tare da amine collectors daga baya.

2. Darajar aikace-aikace
   Ba tare da sodium sulphide ba, cikakken murmurewa na zinc na gubar da aka yi wa oxidized ba shi da yawa. Tare da ingantaccen sulphidization, murmurewa na gubar yana ƙaruwa sosai. Sulphidization wani abu ne da ake buƙata don flotation na ma'adinai mai oxidized. A aikace, ana ƙara sodium sulphide da farko don sulphidization, sannan sai xanthate don flotation na gubar da aka zaɓa.

II. Zaɓaɓɓen baƙin ciki

1. Rage ƙazantar abubuwa kamar sphalerite da pyrite
   Yawan S²⁻ a cikin ɓangaren litattafan yana shafa saman galena, sphalerite, da pyrite, yana hana shaye-shayen xanthate da kuma haifar da tasirin damuwa.
   A matakin flotation na babban gubar, ana amfani da matsakaicin adadin sodium sulphide don kunna gubar da aka yi wa oxidized kawai; yawan da ke rage gubar yayin da yake rage karfin sphalerite na farko, don haka cimma rabuwar sinadarin zinc.
   Don matakin flotation na zinc, dole ne a wanke wutsiyoyin gubar sosai don rage yawan sinadarin sodium sulphide da ya rage da kuma kawar da damuwa, kafin amfani da masu tattara sinadarin amine don dawo da sinadarin zinc.
2. Dokokin yawan amfani
   Rashin isasshen magani: siriri da kuma cikakken fim ɗin sulphide, ƙarancin murmurewa daga gubar.
   Matsakaicin allurai: cikakken kunna gubar da aka yi da oxidized da matsakaicin raguwar sphalerite, mafi kyawun rabuwa.
   Yawan shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima: yawan shan S²⁻ yana rage gubar da aka yi da iskar oxygen da sphalerite, wanda ke sa murmurewa daga gubar da zinc ya ragu sosai.

III. Gyaran ɓangaren litattafan almara

1. daidaita pH
   Ruwan sinadarin sodium sulphide yana samar da ruwan alkaline mai ƙarfi, wanda hakan ke kiyaye pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin kewayon da ya dace na 8.5–11. Yanayin alkaline yana hana ruɓewar sinadarin oxidative na fim ɗin sulphide, yana ƙara kwanciyar hankali na sulphidization.
2. Eh iko
   Ragewar ions na sulphide yana rage ƙarfin oxidation na ɓangaren litattafan, yana hana kashe oxidative na fim ɗin PbS. Ga ma'adanai masu yawan oxidation, dole ne a kiyaye wani adadin sodium sulphide a matsayin mai ragewa.
3. Ruwan sama mai yawa na ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi
   Ion Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, da Fe³⁺ a cikin ɓawon burodi suna kunna ma'adanai na gangue ba tare da zaɓi ba, suna rage zaɓin. S²⁻ yana haifar da waɗannan ions a matsayin sulphide, yana kawar da tsangwama da rage yawan amfani da reagent mara amfani.
4. Yaɗuwar slime
   Kayayyakin alkaline hydrolysis suna warwatse ƙananan tarkacen ƙasa a hankali, suna rage rufin saman ma'adinai da aka yi niyya ta hanyar tarkacen ƙasa.

IV. Aikin rage damuwa/rage shanyewar jiki
Idan aka samar da sinadarin gubar da aka haɗa da zinc, za a iya ƙara yawan sinadarin sodium sulphide a babban taro. S²⁻ yana wargaza xanthate da aka shafa a saman ma'adinai, yana cire mai tarawa sosai. Bayan an wanke kuma an mayar da shi, ana amfani da sinadarin sulphidization da rabuwa don warware magudanar gubar da aka kulle. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan a cikin da'irori masu haɗakar oxygen-sulphide masu haɗakar ma'adanai.

V. Bambancin ɗabi'a na sodium sulphide akan ma'adanai na gubar da zinc

1. Gubar da aka yi wa oxidized (cerussite) – tana samar da fim mai yawa na PbS; matsakaicin sodium sulphide ya isa don tsayawa da flotation; wuce gona da iri ne kawai ke haifar da damuwa. Ya dace da flotation na babban gubar da aka dogara da xanthate.
2. Sinadarin zinc mai oxidized (smithsonite) – yana samar da fim ɗin ZnS mai laushi; sodium sulphide kaɗai ba zai iya shawagi da shi ba. Sodium sulphide yana aiki ne kawai a matsayin magani kafin a fara amfani da shi, kuma ana buƙatar masu tattara cationic kamar octadecylamine ko dodecylamine. Sauran sodium sulphide yana rage yawan sinadarin zinc da aka yi amfani da shi.

VI. Manyan shawarwari kan ayyukan masana'antu

1. Raba ƙari: ƙara a cikin matakin niƙa da kuma flotation mai ƙarfi don tsawaita lokacin hulɗa da sulphidization.
2. Jerin gubar da ke zuba a cikin ramin yana buƙatar a narkar da shi da kuma wanke shi domin rage ragowar sodium sulphide kafin a narkar da shi a cikin ramin zinc.
3. Don ma'adanai masu yawan iskar oxygen, masu yawan yumbu, a haɗa su da masu rage zafi (foda ta ƙarfe) da masu wargazawa (sodium hexametaphosphate) don daidaita fim ɗin sulphide.

Illolin da ke tattare da hakan: samar da iskar gas mai guba ta ƙwai (H₂S) - ana buƙatar samun iska; yawan iskar da ke ƙara farashi; yawan sinadarin sulphide na ruwan shara ya wuce iyaka.
Bayani na musamman: NaHS, idan an yi amfani da shi, yana ruɓewa cikin sauƙi.