Sodium Persulfate (Sodium Peroxydisulfate, Na₂S₂O₈, CAS: 7775‑27‑1)

Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium persulfate a matsayin mai ƙarfi wajen samar da iskar oxygen, mai fara amfani da polymerization, mai yin bleaching, da kuma ƙarfe. Yana samun amfani mai yawa a fannonin sinadarai, lantarki, yadi, da muhalli. An rarraba shi a matsayin mai ƙarfi na Class 5.1, Rukunin Marufi na III (mai hana iskar oxygen mai haɗari mai ƙarancin ƙarfi zuwa matsakaici).

I. Cikakkun Aikace-aikace

1. Masana'antar polymer da sinadarai (mafi girman ɓangaren amfani)
   1. Mai ƙaddamar da polymerization emulsion: yana aiki a matsayin mai farawa mai narkewa cikin ruwa don polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, acrylic emulsions, styrene-acrylic emulsions, da polyacrylamide (PAM). Yana fara polymerization a yanayin zafi mai zafi zuwa matsakaici kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin shafa, manne, da haɗa flocculant don maganin ruwa. Yana aiki azaman madadin masu fara azo, ba tare da barin ragowar guba ba.
   2. Sinadaran filin mai: ana amfani da shi azaman mai karya ruwa a cikin karaya, guar gum mai lalata iska da kuma hydroxypropyl guar gum don sauƙaƙe kwararar ruwa mai karaya. Idan aka haɗa shi da ferrous ion catalysis, yana ba da damar karyewa cikin sauri a ƙananan yanayin zafi.
2. Masana'antar Lantarki da PCB (samfurin tsarki mai inganci na lantarki)
   1. Wakilin etching na micro don allunan da'ira: yana samar da saman jan ƙarfe mai laushi don inganta mannewar busasshen fim, abin rufe fuska na solder, da yadudduka masu haske. Yana cire jan ƙarfe da nickel a cikin hanyoyin etching mai laushi kuma, ba kamar tsarin da ke tushen chloride ba, ba ya haifar da haɗarin lalata da chlorine ke haifarwa.
   2. Tsaftace wafer ɗin Semiconductor: yana cire ƙazanta na halitta da gurɓatattun ƙarfe daga saman wafer a cikin hanyoyin tsaftacewa busasshe da danshi a matsayin maganin oxidizing.
   3. Maganin kafin amfani da wutar lantarki: yana rage mai, yana ɗan lalata shi, kuma yana kunna ƙarfe da ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe, yana cire sikelin oxide na saman.
3. Gyaran Muhalli (Ci gaba da Tsarin Iskar Shaka, AOP)
   1. Gyaran ruwan ƙasa da ƙasa: ana amfani da shi a cikin sinadarai masu guba a cikin in‑situ (ISCO). Ana kunna shi ta hanyar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, alkali, ko zafi, yana samar da ƙwayoyin sulfate waɗanda ke lalata hydrocarbons na man fetur, hydrocarbons masu chlorine, mahaɗan BTEX, maganin rigakafi, da ragowar magungunan kashe kwari - ana amfani da su sosai a cikin gyaran wuraren da suka gurɓata.
   2. Maganin ruwan sharaAna amfani da shi don ingantaccen iskar shaka ta hanyar amfani da coking, rini, sinadarai, da kuma shara don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa masu guba na COD, launi, da kuma gurɓatattun abubuwa masu guba. Ana iya haɗa shi da hasken UV, duban dan tayi, ko kunna ion na ƙarfe.
   3. Maganin sharar hoto: yana oxidizes thiosulfate wajen gyara fitar da ruwa daga baho, yana sauƙaƙa murmurewa daga ion na azurfa.
4. Masana'antar Yadi da Rini
   1. Wakilin rage girman: yana lalata girman sitaci da PVA don auduga da kayan roba na greige.
   2. Maganin yin bleeching: yana ba da damar yin bleach na ulu, siliki, da lilin a yanayin zafi mai sauƙi ba tare da lalacewar zare ba. Hakanan yana aiki azaman wakili mai hana iskar oxygen don ƙirƙirar rini na sulfur, yana maye gurbin sodium hypochlorite don guje wa lalacewar da ke da alaƙa da chlorine.
5. Sauran Amfanin Masana'antu da Dakunan Gwaji
   1. Masana'antar batir: yana aiki a matsayin wakili mai rage yawan gubar a cikin batirin gubar acid don kawar da rashin daidaituwar farantin.
   2. Sinadarai masu kyau: ana amfani da shi azaman wakili mai hana iskar oxygen a cikin hadakar kwayoyin halitta, misali a cikin oxidation na Elbs don canza phenols zuwa hydroquinones, da kuma oxidizing Mn²⁺ da Cr³⁺ zuwa yanayin valence mafi girma (wanda ions na azurfa suka haɓaka).
   3. Kula da kai da dakin gwaje-gwaje: wakili mai hana iskar oxygen a cikin tsarin gyaran gashi; da kuma a matsayin mai fara aikin polymerization gel na APS (ammonium persulfate) a cikin PAGE electrophoresis.
   4. Jajjagen ƙasa da takarda: ana amfani da shi wajen yin blushing na ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma cire su daga jiki.

II. Tallafawa Tsarin Tsari a Masana'antu na Ƙasa

1. Layin Tsarin Gyaran Ƙwayoyin PCB

   Jerin abubuwa: rage mai → kurkura ruwa → micro-etching (sodium persulfate + tsarin sulfuric acid, 25−35°C) → kurkura ruwa mai matakai biyu → neutralization → kurkura ruwa mai narkewa.
   Kayan aiki masu tallafi: tankunan PP masu jure tsatsa, tsarin allurai ta atomatik, sa ido kan ORP-pH akan layi, tacewa mai yawo, da kuma na'urorin magance sharar gida. Ana cika sinadarin sodium persulfate lokaci-lokaci, kuma sulfuric acid yana kiyaye acidity don hana ruɓewar sinadarin.

2. In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) don Ƙasa da Ruwan Ƙasa

   Akwai tsarin kunnawa guda uku:

   1. Kunna ion na Ferrous: sodium persulfate + ferrous sulfate a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic.
   2. Kunna yanayin zafi: dumama zuwa 40−65°C ta hanyar allurar zurfin rijiya.
   3. Kunna Alkaline: ƙara sodium hydroxide don ƙara pH sama da 11, wanda ke haifar da samar da tsattsauran ra'ayi.
      Kayan aiki masu tallafi: tankunan hadawa da narkar da ruwa, rijiyoyin allurar mai ƙarfi, rijiyoyin sa ido kan ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma sa ido kan ORP ta yanar gizo.
3. Tsarin Iskar Shara Mai Ci Gaba

   Jerin abubuwa: daidaita pH → ƙara sodium persulfate + mai kunna (Fe²⁺/UV) → Tankin amsawar iskar shaka → flocculation da sedimentation → fitar da ruwa.
   Kayan aiki masu tallafi: tsarin sarrafa ORP na kan layi da kuma sashin haɗin UV-H₂O₂.

4. Tsarin Haɗakarwa ta Emulsion

   Aikin riƙon ƙarfe: tsarkake nitrogen don cire iskar oxygen, ƙara ruwan sodium persulfate a yanayin zafi, da kuma ciyarwa iri ɗaya. Kayan aiki masu tallafi: tsarin kula da zafin jiki da barguna na iskar gas mara aiki don hana ruɓewa da wuri da ƙazanta ke haifarwa daga ƙarfe.

III. Injiniyan Tsaro don Ajiya, Canja wurin, da kuma Yawan Allura

1. Ajiyewa: adana sinadarai masu haɗari, masu sanyi da iska, a cikin yanayin zafi <30°C, da kuma ɗanɗanon da ke ƙasa da 70%. A ware daga abubuwan ƙonewa, masu rage sinadarai, acid da alkalis; bene ya kamata ya kasance mai hana tsatsa da kuma hana shiga cikin ruwa.
2. Canja wurin: rufewa, mai ɗauke da iska mai ƙarfi da matsin lamba mara kyau tare da bargon nitrogen don hana danshi. An haramta bututun ƙarfe; yi amfani da bututun PP, PVC, ko FRP masu jure tsatsa.
3. Yawan shan magani: tankunan narkewa a rufe, a guji karafa kamar ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da azurfa; yi amfani da kayan aikin hana lalata PP/PE. A sanya kayan wanka na gaggawa, wuraren wanke ido, da tsarin sanya iska ta tilasta.
4.